Biology Notes

1. Nutrition in animals and plants


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pneumatic comparator and solex pneumatic comparator

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Principle of pneumatic comparator The measurement is made by taking reading using master gauge of known accuracy and comparing with component reading It uses a controlled, pressurised jet of air to measure small dimensional variation in the size of component The working principle of pneumatic comparator depends on the flow of air between the gauge head and the component being checked Important characteristics Very high magnifications are possible It can be used to measure diameters, length, squareness, parallelisms, concentricity,taper, and other geometric conditions. Internal dimensions can be readily measured , in other words, while measuring a bore it can reveal complete details of size, taper, straightness,camber and bell mouth etc. It is independent of the operator skill High pressure air gauging can be done by cleaning the parts which helps to eliminate errors due to dirt and foreign matter. As there is no physical contact made either with the setting gauge (or)...
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interferometer and interferometry

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Interferometer Interferometer is an optical device used for measuring flatness of a surface and also for determining the thickness of slip gauges. It is an extension of the application of optical flat. Interferometers are based upon the principle of “ interference “ and employ wavelength of light as their measuring units. The interferometers make use of beam divider that splits an incoming ray into two parts. These two parts of the ray travel along different paths until they are recombined, usually in the same beam divider. An interferometer is an optical device which utilizes the effect of interference. Typically, it starts with some input beam, splits it into two separate beams with some kind of beam splitter (a partially transmissive mirror), possibly exposes some of these beams to some external influences (e.g. some length changes or refractive index changes in a transparent medium), and recombines the beams on another beam splitter. The power or the spatial shape of the resulti...
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Metrology- Slip gauge, Dial indicator, Bevel protractor, Sine bar, Angle gauge

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METROLOGY Metrology is the science of measurements. In manufacturing industry the dimensions are measured to control the shape and sizes of an object Controlled measurements are necessary in the manufacture of interchangeable parts Linear Measuring Instruments Slip gauges Dial indicator Angle Measuring Instruments Bevel Protractor Sine bar Angle gauge Slip gauges Slip gauges are used for precise measurement of parts and for verifying measuring tools such as micrometers,comparators and various limit gauges Slip gauges are rectangular blocks made of alloy steel having a cross-section of about 32mm by 9mm The distance between two opposite faces determines the size of the gauge During use, the required number of gauge blocks are used together to know the required dimension. Dial Indicators Dial indicators are used to test and inspect the size and trueness of a finished work It is measured to an accuracy of 0.01mm They are also used in conjunction with other measuring instruments like ...
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